- as Charlemagne's empire was collapsing, there was a group in the church that felt that if there was no help from the state, the church had to look for help and protection from Rome - from that group, around 800, someone forged the “Pseudo-Isidorian Decrees”
- these were supposedly decrees and proclamations from early popes, claiming that the pope had always had supreme jurisdiction over the whole church, everywhere - included in this was the Donation of Constantine, which supposedly was a document in which Constantine the Great ordered that all Christian bishops had to obey the pope, and “transferring” all the land in the western empire to the pope
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