The Crusades
The Second Crusade, 1147-1149,
started by the influence of Bernard of Clairvaux - the leaders of the crusade were Conrad III of
Germany and Louis VII of France - both the French and German armies were soundly defeated
by the Turks, so the second crusade was a complete failure
The Third Crusade, 1189-1192,
was started by the success of the Moslem leader Saladin, who united the Moslems and eliminated
most of the gains the First Crusade had made, including capturing Jerusalem. The
great kings of Europe, Frederick I Barbarossa of Germany, Richard I the Lionheart of
England and Philip II Augustus of France led the Crusade. Frederick I drowned and his
army fell apart under the leadership of his son. Philip Augustus and Richard the
Lionheart quarreled and Philip returned home. Richard
displayed amazing skill in defeating
Saladin in battle, but didn’t have the strength to actually free Jerusalem, so he
negotiated a peace with Saladin which guaranteed special rights to Christian pilgrims going
to Jerusalem.
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