Henry III, 1216-1272
- he came to the throne at the age of
9, under the guardianship of Earl William Marshal - at Marshal’s death, he made the pope
the young king’s guardian - Henry was very devoted to the papacy, which led to a large
increase in “nationalism”, the feeling of being “English” -
while trying to regain his French
possessions, the pope was allowed to take a lot of money out of England
- when Henry finally asked the ‘grand
council’ to give the pope 1/3rd of the revenue of England, there was a revolt - Simon de
Montfort, Henry’s brother-in-law captured him and held him captive - under de Montfort the
‘great council’ of England began to be called “parliament” to which “two knights from each shire
and two burgesses [citizens] from every borough [town]” were called to help make decisions
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