France
Philip II “Augustus”,
1180-1123
- he took the last of John’s
possessions in northern France away from him - he supported towns and the middle class - started the
ancestor of today’s taxes and formed a relatively “permanent” royal army - in
1208-1213, he “allowed” his northern nobles to “crusade” in
the south against the Albigensians and
Waldensians
- 7/27/1214, Philip won the Battle of
Bouvines, which established France as one of the great powers of Europe
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