France
Philip IV, “the Fair”,
1285-1314
- when, in 1302, the Pope decreed that
everyone had to be subject to him, Philip had some people beat up (he claimed they were
trying to arrest him) the pope, who died soon after
- 1305 marked the beginning of the
papacy in Avignon - 1307, Philip accused the Knights Templar of heresy, executed many of
them and took all of their property (the Shroud of Turin appears?)
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